Endotoxin concentration in poultry houses for laying hens kept in cages or in alternative housing systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Endotoxin concentration in poultry houses for laying hens kept in cages or in alternative housing systems.
Endotoxins as components of organic dust may have adverse effects on the respiratory health of workers in poultry buildings. The move towards more welfare-friendly housing systems for layers may increase worker exposure to air contaminants due to the use of litter. The endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable fraction of airborne dust (below 100 µm) from cage and alternative system houses (on-...
متن کاملWelfare, health, and hygiene of laying hens housed in furnished cages and in alternative housing systems.
The aim of this review was to compare welfare, health, and hygienic status of laying hens housed in furnished cages and in alternative systems. In alternative systems (floor housing and aviaries), birds have more freedom of movement and a more complex environment than in furnished cages. However, housing birds in much larger flocks in alternative systems leads to an increased risk of feather-pe...
متن کاملLaying performance and egg quality in hens kept in standard or furnished cages
A total of 1992 ISA Brown hens were housed from 18 to 70 weeks of age, in four different types of cages: 2 models of standard cages (S5 and S6) and 2 models of furnished cages (F7 and F15). These cages housed 5, 6, 7 and 15 hens respectively with areas per hen of 660, 635, 826 and 1134 cm2. Furnished cages were fitted with a nest, a dust-bath and perches. The mortality rate was higher in the st...
متن کاملEvaluation of tonic immobility in common pheasant hens kept in different housing systems during laying period
Common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) hens kept in different housing systems during laying period were exposed to a tonic immobility test. At the end of the laying period, the shortest duration of the tonic immobility, and thus the lowest fear level, was found in birds kept in enriched cages, i.e. cages equipped with 2 perches and a hiding place. The duration of the tonic immobility in hens kep...
متن کاملComparison of bones of 4 strains of laying hens kept in conventional cages and floor pens.
The maintenance of bone strength has been an important issue in the debate over cage use for laying hens. Bone strength depends on adequate mechanical load and cages restrict movement. Four laying crosses (Lohmann White, Lohmann Brown, H&N White, and Rhode Island Red × Barred Plymouth Rock cross hens) were housed in conventional cages or in floor pens equipped with perches and nest boxes to mea...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Poultry Science
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0007-1668,1466-1799
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.617728